Nitrogen, water quality, and algal blooms
Nitrogen is a natural nutrient, but excessive reactive nitrogen entering water contributes to nutrient pollution. Effects depend on nutrient balance and ecosystem conditions.
From land to water
Fertilizer, manure, wastewater, stormwater, and atmospheric deposition can move nitrogen into streams, lakes, estuaries, and groundwater through runoff, leaching, or drainage.
When nutrients accumulate
Excess nutrients can stimulate algae and cyanobacteria. Decomposition can lower oxygen and harm aquatic life. Some blooms produce toxins, but not every bloom is toxic. Watershed management is location-specific.
Sources and further reading
These references are starting points. Check the source directly for definitions, dates, units, and context. This is an educational overview, not an operating manual or professional advice.
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